Digital Video Converters

Converts DisplayPort into HDMI port. Works with PC/Windows computers and any HDMI monitor or HDTV including LED/LCD, plasma and projectors. Its latching DP connector secure port connection. Provides screen resolution up to WUXGA (1920x1200) and support the optional audio. DisplayPort v1.1, HDCP and DPCP compliant. (REV 6; Connectors: DP Male to HDMI Female).Connector on first end: 1 x DisplayPort male DisplayPort 1.1 digital video.Connector on second end: 1 x HDMI female digital audio/video.Maximum video resolution: 1920 x 1200.WUXGA, VGA, XGA, UXGA, SXGA, SVGA graphics mode and support the optional audio.It has latching DP connector for secured port connection.Standards and certifications: DisplayPort v1.1, HDCP, DPCP

StarTech.com® Dual link active DisplayPort to DVI video adapter converter in black color is useful for high-resolution video sources that outputs multimode or single-mode DisplayPort signals. Adapter enclosure is made of rigid plastic to ensure durability. DisplayPort/USB A male connectors and DVI-D female connector offers reliable connection without any data loss. USB A Male connector act as a power source for the adapter. Carries video signal to DVI-D television, HD Apple cinema display and projectors with an outstanding graphic performance. Suitable for graphic cards that does not outputs DVI signals. Experience high-resolution video in digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays by using this video adapter..Video adapter converter supports resolutions up to 2560 x 1600 with DVI dual link displays.DisplayPort (20 pin) male/USB A (4 pin) Male and DVI-D (19 pin) Female (Connector B) connectors for reliable connection.Plastic enclosure for added safety.Comes in black color for a new look.Designed to reduce cost by making your DisplayPort video output compatible with an older, DVI-D display.Cable outputs DVI-Digital output signal.Active converter for improved compatibility.Works well at the temperature range of 0 - 45 deg C.Offers resolution up to 2560x1600p for better clarity.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS.Includes 1 x DisplayPort to DVI adapter.Perfect for larger format screens that use high DVI resolutions with dual-Link connectivity.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® DP2DVID2 Dual link active DisplayPort to DVI video adapter converter routes video signal from DisplayPort video source. Supports 2560 x 1600 resolution video signal.

Up your TV game with the easy-to-install HDMI to Composite Video Adapter from RCA. This adapter converts digital HDMI video to analog component video. It easily connects to televisions and displays without HDMI ports..HDMI to composite video adapter.Ideal for televisions & displays without HDMI ports.Easy installation

Connect your Mini DisplayPort video source (such as any Surface Pro device with mDP) to any DVI-D display with this adapter. - Powered by a single USB port this DVI adapter features a compact design that conveniently fits into your carrying case. - Dual-link resolutions up to 2560x1600 while mirroring or extending your display with this DVI monitor adapter. - For a hassle-free setup the Mini DP to DVI converter allows for plug-and-play installation without any additional software or drivers.-.Convert your current HDMI® source to composite video and audio (yellow, white and red outputs).Achieve HDTV resolutions with support for up to 1080p.Support for multiple HDTV and PC input resolutions, compatible with almost any HDMI source device.Hassle-free setup with simple plug-and-play installation.Equipped with Overscan/Underscan functionality.Composite Video Adapter | NTSC/PAL | 1080p

Convert digital DisplayPort video input to VGA with the StarTech DP Adapter. Connect your source to your output device via the 20-pin male DisplayPort and 25-pin female DVI-D, 19-pin female HDMI and 15-pin female VGA high density D-Sub connectors of this DisplayPort to DVI adapter. It comes with a reliable conductor that offers uninterrupted signal transfer with low loss from the input device..DisplayPort to VGA adapter to link your video devices for smooth transfer of video signals.For a seamless connection with PC.Length: 11.16".Comes with a 2-year limited warranty.The StarTech DP2VGDVHD 11.16" DisplayPort to VGA/DVI-D/HDMI Adapter Converter provides a loss-less connection with PC with its 20-pin male DisplayPort and 25-pin female DVI-D, 19-pin female HDMI and 15-pin female VGA high density D-Sub connectors.

The Comprehensive® CCN-VGA2HD VGA/HDMI white converter adapter lets you to convert analog PC RGBHV to a digital HDMI signal instead of using an extra VGA cable. With up to 1920 x 1080 at 60Hz multiple resolution support, this adapter confirms better compatibility with wide brands of PCs/HDTVs and delivers high quality pictures. It supports analog stereo and safe delivers the audio over HDMI without compromising quality. It offers advanced signal processing with great precision for enriched colors and complete details. It allows you to use 5 V USB cable for audio input and power..Converter adapter convert signals of high definition resolution to high-speed digital signal without data loss.Connection type: VGA, USB to HDMI.Comes in white color.Dimensions: 0.39"H x 1.77"W x 2.16"D.Supports analog stereo and outputs the audio over HDMI.Provides advanced signal processing with great precision.Hot swappable and hot pluggable.Weight: 0.15 lbs..Comes with 2 years warranty

DisplayPort to HDMI VGA Adapter - DisplayPort 1.2 HBR2 to HDMI 2.0 (4K 60Hz) or VGA 1080p Converter Dongle - DP to HDMI or VGA Monitor Adapter - Digital Video Display Adapter (DP2VGAHD20).DISPLAY COMPATIBILITY: Multiport video adapter performance tested 1080p to 4K 60Hz w/ HDMI & 1080p (VGA) on projectors/displays, w/ brands like Samsung, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Asus, Acer, LG, Sharp, Sony.FLEXIBLE VIDEO OUTPUT: This 2-in-1 portable DisplayPort video converter to HDMI 2.0 (digital) or VGA (analog) display, is the perfect adapter for working from home/office workstations or on the road.HASSLE-FREE SETUP: Supports no driver/software plug & play setup, the DisplayPort to HDMI VGA adapter dongle works w/ macOS, Windows, Chrome OS & Linux; Male DP to female HDMI/VGA connector.HIGH PERFORMANCE: DisplayPort 1.2 (HBR2) to HDMI 2.0 4K 60Hz (UHD) or VGA 1080p adapter on a single monitor/display | HDMI supports HDR, 7.1 channel audio | Compatible with HDCP 2.2/1.4 & HDMI 1.4.HOST COMPATIBILITY: Active DP adapter supports DP/DP++ source using standard DP connector incl high performance workstations, desktops (AMD/Nvidia), laptops, small form factor computer & docks.2-in-1 Video Adapter | Mac & Windows® | HDR

Up your TV game with the easy-to-install HDMI to Component Video Adapter from RCA. This adapter converts digital HDMI video to analog component video. It easily connects to televisions and displays without HDMI ports..Supports up to 1080p.Ideal portable solution with no external power supply required.Easy installation

Enjoy easy setup with this 4-inch HDMI to VGA converter cable. This cable requires no driver installation and takes power right from the HDMI port. Watch high-definition media on analog monitors with this Comprehensive audio and video converter cable..HDMI to VGA video converter converts an HDMI digital signal to a VGA analog signal with analog audio.Dimensions: 0.79"H x 2.17"W x 2.6"D.No need to install drivers, portable, flexible, plug and play.High bandwidth capability supports [email protected] with HDMI 1.3 and HDCP 1.4.3-year manufacturer limited warranty.Convert high-definition digital video to analog with this Comprehensive HDMI male to VGA female converter cable.

Conveniently connect your multimedia storage devices to your adaptor using this 3' DisplayPort male to DVI-D male converter cable. This cable connects a 20-pin DisplayPort male digital audio and video connector and a 25-pin DVI-D male digital video connector. This converter is easy to use and with a plug-and-play cable adapter..DisplayPort/DVI for Video Device, Monitor, Projector, Ultrabook.3 ft.1 Pack.1 x DisplayPort Male Digital Audio/Video.1 x DVI-D Male Digital Video.Gold Plated.Black.Temperature: 5 - 35 deg C (operating), 0 - 70 deg C (storage), Humidity: 20 - 80% RH.Compact 3' adapter cable can reduce clutter.Easy to use.Hassle-free setup with plug-and-play cable adapter.Meets RoHS compliant.Weight: 1.2oz..2 year warranty.This black 3' DisplayPort male to DVI-D male converter cable connects DisplayPort equipment to a DVI monitor or projector.

StarTech.com® DisplayPort to DVI Video adapter converter cable offers enough bandwidth to carry high-resolution video signal to DVI display. It is made of flexible as well as fire retardant PVC to ensure maximum bending and to prevent any fatal fire accident. Nickel-plated connectors prevent signal loss due to oxidation or corrosion. Comes with DisplayPort male connector at one end and DVI-D male connector at the other end. Compact lightweight design of the adapter cables offers hassle free use and installation. Experience high-resolution video in digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays by using this 10' video adapter converter cable..Adapter converter cable supports pc resolutions up to 1920 x 1200 and hdtv resolutions up to 1080p.Easy-to-install 10' long cord.DisplayPort (20-pin) male (Connector A), DVI-D (25 pin) male (Connector B) connector for reliable connection.Comes in black color for a new look.Cable with plug and play converter makes DisplayPort source backwards compatible with DVI-D display.Nickel-plated connector plating for good conductivity.Cable style adapter lets you to connect a DVI-D display to a DisplayPort video source.Offers resolution up to 1920x1080p for better clarity.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS.Includes 1 x 10' displayport to DVI video adapter converter cable M/M.Keep your existing DVI display with our DisplayPort to DVI video converter cables.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® DP2DVIMM10 10' DisplayPort to DVI Video adapter cable routes video signal from DisplayPort video source to DVI monitor. Supports 1920 x 1200 resolution video signal.

Connect your HDMI Display to an SDI Video Source - Connect an SDI Equipped audio/video source device such as a video camera to an HDMI display-3G SDI to HDMI / BNC HDMI Converter / BNC to HDMI Adapter / BNC to HDMI Converter / Camera to HDMI Converter / Convert SDI to HDMI / Convert SDI Video Sources to HDMI Video Output - 755ft (230m).Increase scalability, with built-in 3G SDI daisy chain port.Maintain High-definition video quality while converting from 3G SDI to HDMI, with support for resolutions up to 1080p.Hassle-free installation, with pre-installed mounting brackets and no software or drivers required.Built-in 3G SDI daisy chain port.Receives 3G SDI signals from up to 755ft (230m).Supports video resolutions up to 1920x1200 / 1080p.Plug and play SDI to HDMI conversion.Supports AES & EBU Audio Decoding

The Comprehensive® 6' DisplayPort/VGA black converter cable is cost-effective solution, easily connects a VGA monitor or projector to a system or graphic card with a DisplayPort connector. It supports general PC resolutions 1920 x 1200 or HDTV resolutions up to 1080p. With automatic sink detection and standby mode, this hot swappable cable consumes less power for lowering energy cost. It offers advanced signal processing with great precision for enriched colors and complete details. It allows spread spectrum/de-spreading for EMI reduction..Converter cable offers DisplayPort to VGA connection.Cable length: 6'.Connection type: DisplayPort - digital video to HD-15 VGA.Comes in black color.Power supply: +3.3 V (from DP), Power: 1.4 W active, 100 mW standby.PC resolution supported: Up to 1920 x 1200, HDTV resolution supported: Up to 1080p, RGB analog video output: Configured for 700 mV voltage swing.Supports automatic sink detection and standby mode.Sink detection based on DDC return.Provides advanced signal processing with great precision.RoHS Compliant.Weight: 0.26 lbs..Comes with 2 years warranty

This USB video capture adapter offers an easy to use analog video capture solution, enabling you to convert video (and accompanying audio) from a composite or S Video source to your Windows-based computer. An easy-to-use device for recording analog video to your PC from external sources, such as a VCR or camcorder, the S Video and composite to USB converter offers the perfect solution for Betamax or VHS video capture, with real-time MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 encoding. This analog to digital video adapter is ideal for converting VHS or home movies to digital format, as well as importing videos onto your Windows computer for editing. It also features a snapshot function that enables users to capture still images from their analog video.  This analog video capture cable delivers seamless analog video capture for your Windows devices. As well, the S Video / composite to USB adapter has TWAIN support, to ensure compatibility with a wide range of systems and software. This analog to digital converter cable connects to your PC through USB 2.0 and is compact enough to fit in the palm of your hand, providing a conveniently portable video capture solution that's more than suitable for use with laptops and desktop computers alike. SVID2USB232 is backed by a StarTech.com 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support. Note: This converter is for use with Windows-based devices only and is not compatible with macOS..ANALOG TO DIGITAL VIDEO CONVERTER: Use the intuitive Windows software (included) to easily capture video from your VCR/BETA, camcorder or home videos VHS to Digital/DVD or PC storage.CAPTURE & SHARE: Using third-party software (OBS, etc.) you can capture standard def 480i video and stream on services like YouTube (or other social media platforms) or in training & resource centers.PORTABLE DESIGN: USB bus-powered USB video capture device is compact & lightweight, so you can easily take it from your media room or classroom while in the office, working from home or on the go.SD VIDEO CAPTURE: USB video capture adapter converts composite/S-Video & RCA 2ch audio into digital media; supports 30fps @720x480i (NTSC)/25fps @720x576 (PAL/SECAM) & MPEG-1/MPEG-2/MPEG-4 encoding.SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY: USB 2.0 video capture cable drivers are TWAIN compatible for use w/ third-party software; incl. software provides an out of the box solution for Windows (7-10) computers.USB Video Capture Adapter Cable - S-Video/Composite to USB 2.0 - TWAIN Support - Analog to Digital Converter - Windows Only

StarTech.com® DisplayPort to VGA male/female video adapter converter in black color effectively routes video signal from a DisplayPort video source to high-resolution VGA monitor. Built-in integrated chip provides digital to analog conversion for precision video signal transmission. Adapter enclosure is made of rigid plastic to provide durability. Experience high-resolution video in digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays by using this 3" video adapter. Comes with DisplayPort latching male connector at one end and VGA female connector at the other end. Latching type connectors prevents accidental disconnect and offers easy installation..Video adapter converter supports pc resolutions up to 1920x1200 and hdtv resolutions up to 1080p.Easy-to-install 3" long cord.DisplayPort (20 pin) latching male and VGA (15 pin, high density D-Sub) female connectors for reliable connection.Plastic enclosure for added safety.Comes in black color for a new look.Active converter cable offers flexibility.Offers resolution up to 1920x1200p for better clarity.Features small form factor converter which makes DisplayPort backwards compatible with your VGA display.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS, CE, FC.Includes 1 x DisplayPort to VGA adapter.Keep your existing VGA monitor to be used with your new DisplayPort PC.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® DP2VGA 3" DisplayPort to VGA male/female video adapter converter connects DisplayPort video source. Supports 1920 x 1200 resolution video signal.

StarTech.com® HDMI to VGA Adapter converter in black color connects HDMI equipments such as desktop, laptop or ultrabook with a VGA monitor. The 2-channel audio output delivers precision sound from an audio source. Adapter enclosure is made of rigid plastic to provide durability. Adapter converter comes with HDMI male as well as USB Micro-B female connector at one side and VGA female as well as 3.5 mm mini-jack female connectors at other end. Compact lightweight design of the adapter converter makes it easy to use and install. Suitable for video/audio presentation on monitor in boardrooms, hotel rooms, office and home..HDMI to VGA video adapter converter for desktop pc/laptop/ultrabook.1 x HDMI male, 1 x USB Micro-B female and 1 x VGA female output, 1 x 3.5 mm mini-jack female output connectors for reliable connection.Compact and lightweight construction for added convenience.Comes in black color for a new look.HDMI to VGA video adapter converter cable offers flexibility.Features 1920 x 1200 maximum analog resolution for crisp and clear video display.Easily make your new HDMI® equipment compatible with a VGA.Designed to support for up to 1080p or 1920 x 1200 video and 2 channel audio.Operates at 0 - 60 deg C temperature.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS.Includes 1 x HDMI® to VGA adapter converter.Suitable for desktop PC/laptop/ultrabook.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® HD2VGAA2 HDMI to VGA Adapter converter effectively routes video signal from HDMI devices to high-resolution VGA monitors. Supports 1920 x 1200 video signal.

The StarTech.com DP2HDMI2 DisplayPort® to HDMI® Adapter lets you connect an HDMI-enabled display or projector to a DisplayPort out port from a computer (desktop or laptop), eliminating the expense of having to upgrade your display for DisplayPort compatibility. The adapter supports display resolutions of up to 1920 x 1200, allowing you to take full advantage of HDMI video capability. DP2HDMI2 is a passive adapter cable that requires a DP++ port (DisplayPort++), meaning that DVI and HDMI signals can also be passed through the port. This adapter allows for audio pass-through if supported by the video source. Please review the video source manual to confirm support. Backed by a StarTech.com 3-year warranty and free lifetime technical support..Video adapter converter supports pc resolutions up to 1920x1200 and hdtv resolutions up to 1080p.Easy-to-install 10" long cord.1 - DisplayPort (20 pin) Latching male and 1 - HDMI (19 pin) female connectors for reliable connection.Comes in black color for a new look.Adapter, Converter type cable offers flexibility.Requires DP++ port from video card or video source for DVI and HDMI signal pass-through.Easy to use cable doesn't requires any additional software for reliable operation.Offers resolution up to 1920x1080p for better clarity.Equipped with latching DisplayPort connector to ensure a solid connection.Applications: Ideal for digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays.Certifications and standards: RoHS & REACH Certificate of Compliance.Includes 1 x DisplayPort to HDMI converter.Measures 0.6"H x 1.1"W x 10"L.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.Connect your HDMI® monitor or HDTV to a DisplayPort® equipped computer

Conveniently connect your multimedia storage devices to your adaptor using the StarTech black 8.7" HDMI male to DisplayPort female converter with 4K support. This adaptor connects a 19-pin HDMI male digital audio/video connector on first end to Type A male powered USB connector on second end. Designed to support 4K resolutions up to 1920 x 1200, 1920 x 1080, 1280 x 720 that lets you enjoy ultra high definition video quality. Compact design and plug-and-play installation offers seamless integration..Converter is perfect for connecting an HDMI enabled video source to a DisplayPort monitor or projector.Easy-to-install 8.7" long cord.Has 19-pin HDMI male digital audio/video connector on first end and Type A male powered USB connector on second end.Comes in black color.Dimensions: 0.5"H x 0.9"W.Supports 4K resolutions up to 1920 x 1200, 1920 x 1080, 1280 x 720, lets you enjoy ultra high definition (UHD) video quality.Temperature: -20 - 85 deg C (operating), -20 - 85 deg C (storage), Humidity: 20 - 95% RH.Ultra HD 4K video resolutions offers astonishing picture quality.For multi-tasking, HDMI output connected to another display increases your productivity.Compact design and plug-and-play installation offers seamless integration in your setup.No power adapter, software or drivers required for hassle free operation.Meets WEEE and RoHS certifications or standards.Weight: 1.3 oz..Comes with 2 years warranty.The StarTech black 8.7" HDMI male to DisplayPort female converter with 4K support connects Blu-ray™ player, camera, video game console or computer.

StarTech .com DisplayPort to DVI male/female video adapter converter in black color is suitable for providing video connection at digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays. DisplayPort latching male connector and DVI-D female connector of the cable provides reliable connection without any data loss. Latch design of the connector makes installation easy and avoids accidental disconnect. The 5" passive adapter is backward compatible with DVI-D display for added convenience..Video adapter converter supports PC resolutions up to 1920 x 1200 and HDTV resolutions up to 1080p.Easy-to-install 5" long cord.1x DisplayPort (20 pin) latching male and 1 x DVI-D (25 pin) female connectors for reliable connection.High quality latching DisplayPort connector construction assures a solid connection.Comes in black color for a new look.Its small form factor converter makes DisplayPort backward compatible with your DVI - D display.simple plug and play eliminates the need for any software or drivers.4" cable offers added flexibility in tight spots.Passive converter for devices that do not have accessible RF antenna ports.Adapter style cable aids to connect a DVI-D display to a DisplayPort video source.Offers resolution up to 1920x1200p for better clarity.Well suited for digital entertainment centers, home offices, business conference rooms and trade show displays.Suitable for using DVI monitor as a secondary display.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS.Includes 1 x DisplayPort to DVI adapter.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech .com DP2DVI 5" DisplayPort to DVI male/female video adapter converter effectively routes video signal. Supports 1920 x 1200 resolution video signal.

DisplayPort to DVI converter that efficiently transfers signals..DisplayPort to DVI converter that efficiently transfers signals.Nickel-plated 20-pin male DisplayPort and 25-pin male DVI-D connectors for corrosion resistance.PVC jacket protects the conductor from environmental factors.6' cable to ensure convenient positioning of your video equipment.Comes with a 2-year limited warranty.Class 4 speed performance rating(based on SD 2.0 specification).Adds storage to microSD/microSDHC enabled devices.Shock proof, x ray proof, temperature proof and waterproof.Cards are completely compatible with mobile phones, laptops, tablets and other devices that support the microSDHC format and are capable of recording hours of HD video (720p).Designed to withstand the toughest conditions.Warranty: 5 years limited

StarTech.com® Adapter converter with micro HDMI female input and VGA/3.5 mm mini-jack female output enables you to connect micro HDMI smartphone and other portable device to high-resolution VGA display system. Converter enclosure is made of rigid plastic to provide durability. Compact design converter is easy to carry in laptop case and other carrying case. Includes a AC to USB adapter to meet power requirements. Offers precision 2-channel analog audio output from the Micro HDMI source. Experience high-resolution video in digital entertainment centers, home offices, conference rooms and trade show displays by using this black adapter converter..Signal adapter converter supports output resolutions to a pc monitor or projector up to 1920 x 1200 (wuxga).1x micro HDMI (19 pin) male input and 1 - VGA (15 pin, high density D-sub) Female output connectors for reliable connection connectors.Plastic enclosure for added safety.Comes in black color for a new look.Format converter cable offers flexibility.Format converter cable is great for various signal types such as analog and digital.Offers resolution up to 1920x1200p for better clarity.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS, HDMI, HDCP.Includes 1 x Micro HDMI to VGA adapter converter.Applicable to connect your smartphone or tablet to a VGA projector or display in boardrooms, hotel rooms.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® MCHD2VGAA2 Micro HDMI to VGA adapter converter with audio effectively routes video signal from HDMI micro devices. Supports 1920 x 1200 resolution video signal.

StarTech.com® Adapter converter with micro HDMI female input and VGA female output enables you to connect micro HDMI Smartphone and other portable device to high-resolution VGA display system. Converter enclosure is made of rigid plastic to provide durability. Compact design converter is easy to carry in laptop case and other carrying case. Experience high-resolution video in digital entertainment centers, home offices, conference rooms and trade show displays by using this black adapter converter. Simple plug and play adapter is easy to use and install..Adapter converter for smartphones/ultrabook.Micro HDMI (19 pin) Male Input and VGA (15 pin, High Density D-Sub) Female Output connectors for reliable connection.Plastic enclosure for added safety.Comes in black color for a new look.Compact design with no need for an external power adapter ensures a portable solution with a minimal footprint.Offers resolution up to 1920 x 1200 for better clarity.Operates at 0 - 60 DegC temperature.Meets all requirements and standards of RoHS, CE, FC.Includes 1 x Micro HDMI® to VGA converter adapter.Suitable for smartphones/ultrabook.Comes with 2 years limited warranty.StarTech.com® MCHD2VGAE2 Micro HDMI to VGA adapter converter effectively routes video signal from HDMI micro devices. Compatible with 1920 x 1200 resolution video signal.

Easily connect your DisplayPort device to any HDMI, DVI, or VGA display with this compact, plug-and-play adapter—perfect for presentations, extended screens, or legacy monitors. Supports Full HD resolution with a durable, travel-ready design..Connect DisplayPort to HDMI, DVI, and VGA – Link DP-enabled devices to HDMI/DVI/VGA display, projectors, etc..Plug & Play – No drivers or power needed; instant setup.Full HD Support – Delivers resolutions up to 1920x1080.Compact Design – Lightweight and travel-friendly.Broad Compatibility – Works with any DisplayPort device and VGA display.Durable Build – Sturdy connectors for long-term use