Emergency Radio Scanners

Uniden Trunktracker V Digital Mobile Scanner.Follows communications on APCO 25, phase 1, phase 2, x2-tdma, Motorola, edacs & ltr trunked systems.Advanced dynamic memory system.Close call RF capture technology instantly tunes to signals from nearby transmitters.GPS compatibility.25,000 dynamically allocated channels.Location-based scanning.Same weather alert.100 quick-key system access.Audio AGC.Automatic digital threshold adjustment.Temporary lockout.NAC decoding for conventional p25 channels.WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65WARNINGs.ca.gov.

The 500-Channel Scanner with Weather Alert from Uniden is a multi-featured conventional channel scanner. You can easily enter and store frequencies for police, fire/emergency, marine, air, HAM and other radio services. It provides additional useful features such as a weather alert radio to keep you aware of weather threats in your area, FM broadcast radio and an alarm clock..500 channels.Weather Alert.FM broadcast radio.Alarm clock.Narrowband compliant

Don't be caught off guard when you're off the grid: be prepared at all times with the Midland E+READY emergency alert AM/FM weather radio. An essential piece of equipment when you're hiking, fishing, hunting, overlanding, or camping with the family, the ER10VP will immediately alert you of incoming inclement weather. This versatile battery-operated weather radio doubles as a flashlight with Hi/Lo and SOS strobe options in case of emergency. A slim and compact design lets you easily slip the radio into your pocket or gear bag, and a wrist lanyard allows you to keep the radio on you at all times. Leisurely listen to AM/FM radio with the comfort of knowing that you will be warned of any emergency weather in your area..Emergency alert AM/FM NOAA weather radio is an essential piece of equipment when you're hiking, fishing, hunting, overlanding, or camping with the family.Powered by three AA batteries (included).AM/FM frequencies for entertainment and live information.Equipped with a digital clock.Package includes: weather radio, three AA batteries, wrist lanyard, and manual.Doubles as a flashlight with Hi/Lo and SOS strobe options in case of emergency.Headphone jack allows for private, uninterrupted listening.Compact, lightweight, and easy to carry around.Safety Data Sheet.WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

This Sangean® AM/FM radio comes in white color for a new look and has attractively styled portable design. Include weather band, NOAA weather alert and siren to help you in an emergency. Features 19 sequential memory presets to help you zip right to preferred stations, super capacitor back up power for clock as well as memory presets and easy to read large LCD display with adjustable illumination. Also feature sleep timer & snooze function, lock switch and stereo headphone jack for optimal performance. Has a battery selector so you can use either alkaline batteries or rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries..AM/FM/Weather alert rechargeable portable radio is perfect to listen your favorite radio channels.Delivers speaker output power of 0.5 W (AC/DC), 0.25 W battery and 5 + 5 mW earphone.Dimensions: 4.17"H x 6.34"W x 1.55"D, comes in new white color.Features an easy to read LCD display, 1.92" x 0.5" view area and segment graphic/character type for effective use.Supports 87.5 - 108 MHz FM, 1 - 7 frequency channel and 520 - 1710 (10k)/522 - 1629 (9k) kHz MW.Has 2.25" speaker that produces an impedance of 8 ohms.Requires 9 VDC/500 mA and four 1.5 V (UM-3) batteries power supply for better operations.Includes 7 preset weather channel to determine the status of weather.Automatic alert feature detects various hazardous condition.Features flashing red LED light with emergency siren to make you alert.Has 19 memory preset stations with my favorite station and auto scan tuning.Comes with easy to read LCD display with adjustable dimmer and features dual alarm by radio or HWS buzzer.Time clock setting, sleep and snooze function, lock switch, super capacitor for power backup.Features rechargeable and dry-cell battery and built-in rapid battery charger with charging LED indicator.Comes with rechargeable battery.Weight: 12.5 oz..Sangean® AM/FM/Weather alert rechargeable radio designed to offer clear and static free listening. Perfect for those who is looking for a simple and stylish portable to listen to.

The Uniden SR30C 500 Channel Compact Handheld Scanner is ideal for listening to events as they unfold. During severe weather or other disasters, you can listen to reports going directly to emergency agencies as they happen. The SR30C covers the bands used by ham or Amateur Radio Operators for Emergency reporting including NOAA weather broadcasts, as well as frequencies used at other events such as auto races, local events and more. It even has a built-in USB charger!.Compact Handheld Scanner, listen to reports going directly to emergency agencies as they happen.PC programming.VHF Low: 25MHz-54MHz, AIR: 108 MHz-136 MHz, VHF High: 137 MHz,-174 MHz, UHF: 406 MHz-512 MHz.Built-in USB charger.Black.Close Call RF Capture technology.Dimensions: 3'' x 5'' x 1".Includes antenna, attached belt clip, USB cable, strap and owner's manual.500 channels.10 channel-storage banks.Temporary lockout.Dimmable display backlight.Close Call Do-Not-Disturb.Flexible antenna with BNC connector.Memory backup.Triple-Conversion circuitry.3 power options.Custom search.Quick search.Key confirmation tones.Key lock.Battery save.Battery low alert.Priority scan with Do-Not-Disturb.Scan/search delay/resume.Turbo search.Search lockouts.Service bands.WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

The Uniden TrunkTracker V Handheld Scanner makes it easy to tune in to the world around you. Featuring a dynamic memory system and infrared technology, this powerful device can turn your car into a safe space to keep track of weather and local events. With 25,000 channels and location-based scanning, this precision instrument is ideal for thorough and accurate scanning..Follows communications on APCO 25, phase 1, phase 2, x2-tdma, motorola, edacs & ltr trunked systems.Advanced dynamic memory system.Close call RF capture technology instantly tunes to signals from nearby transmitters.GPS compatibility.25,000 dynamically allocated channels.Location-based scanning.Same weather alert.100 quick-key system access.Compact size.Audio AGC.Automatic digital threshold adjustment.Temporary lockout

This weatherX AM/FM radio features weather band so you can listen in for emergencies. Includes USB port for cellular phone charging and an emergency siren to grab attention at close range. Also features aux input, integrated speaker, telescopic antenna, AC adapter for hassle-free performance. Has a dynamo hand crank attached to it, ensuring that you always have the ability to recharge it. Gives you all of the power you need to weather any emergency..AM/FM Weather band radio with flashlight and lantern is perfect to listen your favorite radio channels.Requires built-in rechargeable NiMH battery and AC/DC power adapter for efficient operation.Features AM/FM radio, weather band, LED flashlight, LED lantern and emergency siren.Features dynamo hand-crank power, solar panel 5.5 V, mobile phone charger, thermometer, carry handle for convenience.Dimensions: 3"H x 5.7"W x 11.1"L.Includes telescopic FM antenna, built-in AM antenna, analog volume control, built-in speaker, LED power indicator and a 3.5 mm audio input.Comes with AC adapter.Weight: 2 lbs..Comes with a warranty of 90 days.The weatherX AM/FM weather band radio comes with LED flashlight and lantern for a light source. Offers clear and static free listening.

All hazard alerts for important severe weather and local emergency announcements.S.A.M.E. Technology for localized reception.Automatically responds to emergency alerts broadcast by the National Weather Service.Clock with alarm.Alert override automatically switches over to warn you of impending danger.Receives over 60 alerts, 7 preset weather channels and 10 reviewable alerts.S.A.M.E. digital technology for localized reception.25 programmable counties.Silent programming; user-selectable warning system—voice, display or tone alert types.Blue backlit LCD; color-coded alert indicators.Time with date display; alarm clock with snooze.English, Spanish and French trilingual function.Emergency power backup; requires 3 AA batteries (not included).Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov..Technical Data Sheet

Emergency Crank Radio with Portable Power, Strobe Flashlight and Weather Alert..Weather alerts and information direct from National Weather Service. AM/FM also available..Multiple Sustainable Power Sources: Solar Panel - recharge internal lithium ion battery from direct sunlight; Hand Crank - recharge the radio during a power outage or anytime away from a power source. Perfect for a short charge to get a cell phone call made..Rechargeable 2600 mAH battery - replaceable, long life lithium ion battery. Lasts for up to 32 hours of radio operation..Charges devices through USB connection - works with most cell phones, tablets and more..Includes Flashlight with SOS Strobe - Bright CREE LED can be used to signal for help..Ultrasonic Dog Whistle can assist canine search and rescue teams in locating individuals during an emergency..Safety Data Sheet.Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.ER310 is your complete solution during power outages. Early Warning is your best protection. Weather alerts and info direct from the National Weather Service. AM/FM also available. Multiple sustainable power sources with solar panel and hand crank. Rechargeable 2600mAH Battery. Charges devices through USB connection. Includes flashlight with SOS strobe and Ultrasonic Dog Whistle.

The ER310PRO is Midland's most advanced emergency weather radio yet. With enhanced battery capacity, rapid charging of other devices, Bluetooth® streaming, and louder audio, the ER310PRO delivers unmatched versatility to an everyday, easy-to-use device..NOAA LIFE-SAVING ALERTS ON-THE-GO Weather alerts anytime, anywhere.BLUETOOTH® STREAMING Connect to other devices for music and more.POWER BANK 200+ hours of power during radio use.RAPID CHARGE Fast charges your other devices through USB-C connection.MULTIPLE SUSTAINABLE POWER SOURCES USB-C, solar, or hand crank recharge options ensure you stay alert.POWERFUL FLASHLIGHT Cree® LED flashlight with SOS strobe for power outages or navigating low-light areas.TEMPERATURE DISPLAY Quickly check conditions at a glance.Safety Data Sheet.WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.The ER310PRO is Midland's most advanced emergency weather radio yet.

Be prepared for any emergency with the Supersonic 5 Way Emergency Solar/Hand Crank Radio with Flashlight! It boasts 4 way power: built-in rechargeable battery, AA batteries, hand crank power, and solar power. It also features an AM/FM radio, SOS alarm, and a handle for easy transport..Dynamo radio flashlight with 3 kinds of power supply-hand crank, dry battery, and DC adapter.Emergency flashlight/lantern to keep user safe in home, office, or car.Charges mobile phone.SOS alarm.DC 5-volt in/out jacks.Powerful speaker.AM 520 to 1,710 kHz/FM 87 to 108 MHz radio.5.5-volt/.22-watt solar panel.Hand generator function with flashlight front featuring 5 LEDs/8 black LEDs.Features handle for easy carrying and compact size for easy storage.3.7-volt/500 mAh built-in rechargeable battery.Accepts 3 AA batteries (not included).Includes micro USB cable and user manual.Safety Data Sheet.WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

Uniden's SDS100 True I/Q Scanner is the first scanner to incorporate Software Defined Radio technology to provide incredible digital performance in even the most challenging RF environments. In both simulcast and weak-signal environments, the SDS100's digital performance exceeds any other scanner. The SDS100 also provides additional benefits such as allowing you to decide what to display by optimizing custom fields to tailor to your needs and is water resistant to aid with portability in poor weather conditions. Its typical range is 30 miles and has a maximum number of 100 for channels..Digital Handheld Scanner, True I/Q receiver design for improved digital performance in weak-signal & simulcast areas.Improved UI with 3 contextual soft keys that change function based on current operation.Freq coverage: 25MHz–512MHz, 758MHz–824MHz, 849MHz–869MHz, 895MHz–960MHz, 1,240MHz–1,300MHz.USB connectivity & charging.Black.Free sentinel software keeps SDS100 database & memory up to date.Dimensions: 11.75'' x 2'' x 2.5".Includes USB AC power adapter, SMA antenna with gasketed connector, USB mini cable, swivel belt clip, SMA-BNC adapter, hand strap, owner's manual (English & French) & printed fliers.Rugged, weather-resistant JIS 4 construction.3,600mAh Li-Ion battery.Customizable color LCD allows user to modify color & what is displayed.Single-channel DMR (paid upgrade required).NXDN 4800 & 9600 (paid upgrade required).EDACS ProVoice (paid upgrade required).Location-based scanning.USA/Canada radio database.ZIP code selection for easy setup.Close Call RF capture with do not disturb.8GB microSD Card.Soft keys for intelligent UI.Recording, playback & replay; APCO P25 phase I & II.Temporary avoid; Motorola, EDACS & LTR trunking.Fire tone-out alert; MotoTRBO Capacity+ & Connect+ (paid upgrade required); Hytera XPT.System analysis & discovery; Trunk Tracker X.CTCSS/DCS/NAC/RAN/color code decoding; Hytera XPT (paid upgrade required).S.A.M.E. weather alert; DMR tier III (paid upgrade required).Enhanced dynamic memory; Backlit keypad.Preemptive trunking priority; Channel volume offset.Multi-site system scanning; PC programming & control; Fully customizable scanning with favorites lists; Weekly database updates.Safety Data Sheet.WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

Communication is essential in an emergency. The E+Ready two-way weather alert radio kit has you covered complete with a pair of X-Talker radios, super bright flashlight, multi-purpose whistle and a softshell case. The X-TALKER radios have up to a 26-mile range and features 22 Channels (38 Privacy Codes), Channel Scan, and our legendary Weather Alert technology. Six ‘AAA’ batteries included..22 Channels.38 Privacy Codes.Clear, crisp communication.Easy button access.Xtreme Range: Up to 26 miles.Weather Alert Radio.Kit includes 2 weather alert two way radios, super bright flashlight, and multi-purpose whistle.Safety Data Sheet.Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

The Jensen JEP-100 AM/FM weather band radio is an ultracompact portable unit that's great to have with you in case of an emergency. The radio has a built-in speaker and can tune in AM and FM radio stations, as well as all seven NOAA weather band frequencies. The unit includes a built-in LED flashlight, so it's perfect to have if the lights go out. It's also small enough to take with you to the beach, the ball game, or anywhere else you want to listen to your favorite AM or FM broadcast. An easy and affordable way to listen to music on the go and stay informed on changing weather conditions..Never miss your favorite game, listening to your favorite radio station, or catching up on the latest news with this AM/FM weather band radio with white LED flashlight.Comes in red and black.Dimensions: 4.29"H x 2.76"W x 0.98"D.Hand strap included.Equipped with a headphone jack, telescopic antenna, and red LED power indicator.Receives instant 24-hour weather and marine forecast information.Broadcast by NOAA on all seven weather band frequencies.Power: two AAA (UM-4) batteries (not included).1-year manufacturer limited warranty.WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer, and/or phthalates, which is known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

This AM/FM Weather Alert Portable Radio from Sangean has AM Auto Tracking and Bandwidth Narrowing for superior AM reception, sensitivity and sound. This versatile radio has built-in weather alert functionality, a dual alarm clock, 25 presets and an easy-to-read LCD display. Internet and television are usually good sources of weather information, but in some weather emergencies a portable radio is essential. The PR-D4W will ensure that you have weather information anytime during a storm or emergency..AM/FM/weather alert portable radio informs about dangers.Features LCD display with 72 mm x 34 mm viewing area and offers high resolution.Features segment graphics and backlight LCD for superior clarity.Has 800 mW batteries for speaker, 4 x 1.5V (UM - 3) batteries for continuous use and features buzzer alarm.Features 3" speaker and 4 ohms impedance for better output.Speakers are powered by 800 mW AC/DC/AC to AC in and earphones consumes 3 + 3 mW power, to provide better sound output.Requires 6 VDC 400 mA power supply for convenient operation.Measures 5.83" H x 9.33" W x 2.44" D and has DSP tuner for better control.Has DC in, aux-in and headphone I/O jacks for efficient interfacing.Has 25 memory preset stations (10 FM, 10 AM, 5 WX) for faster switching between channels and auto scan stations, AM auto tracking for better reception.Offers AM auto tracking for better reception, adjustable AM/FM IF bandwidth, adjustable tuning step and sleep timer for convenience.Features HWS buzzer and radio, easy to read LCD display with backlight, 3" full range speaker, battery power status for better performance.Receives all 7 NOAA weather channel, automatic alert warns of hazardous condition, flashing red LED light with emergency siren for user safety.Has adjustable RF bandwidth narrowing technology, well designed to offer versatility and portability.Weighs 1 lb 13.6 oz

Clear Reception. Clear Transmission. Clear Sound Quality. 28 mile range and features 22 Channels, 38 Privacy Codes, Channel Scan, and our legendary Weather Alert technology..X-Talker T10 Portable Two-Way Radios.22 Channels.Crisp, clear communication with easy button access.Digital display.Powered by three AAA batteries, NOT INCLUDED.Includes: Pair of Radios, Belt Clips, Owner's Manual.Water resistant.3 year warranty.Weather Alert Radio with Weather Scan.38 Privacy Codes.Xtreme Range up to 28 miles.Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

A built-in LED flashlight makes its possible to get where you need to in the dark. And with Quiet Charge, the T475 will still receive NOAA weather/emergency alerts while keeping calls silent during charge. With essential accessories and a range of up to 35 miles*, the TALKABOUT T475 keeps you in touch whether you're on the roughest treks or highest peaks.?.FRS license-free radio.Weatherproof IPx4.Easy pairing.Dual power.VibraCall ? alert.NOAA Weather Channels + alerts.Built-in flashlight.22 channels + 121 privacy codes.The TALKABOUT T475 is the rugged travel companion you need. With an IPx4 rating, the T475 is weatherproof - able to withstand the harshest environments.?

The WR400 Deluxe NOAA Weather Radio uses digital S.A.M.E. technology to lock into your county’s warning system, giving you instant weather updates from the National Weather Service. The USB output allows you to charge devices directly from the radio. Program up to 25 counties with 80 different emergency alerts. The WR400 is Midland’s most advanced emergency weather alert radio..Emergency Power Back Up and Continuous Backlighting Option.Program up to 25 different counties or provinces All 7 NOAA/Environment Canada Weather Channels.AM/FM Alarm Clock and 4 Preset Radio Buttons.USB Output to Charge Devices Requires 4 AA Batteries (not included).Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.Receive weather alerts and warnings for your specific area with the Midland Radio Deluxe Weather Radio

The Midland GXT3000 GMRS walkie-talkie is a powerful and consistent choice for your radio communication needs. This two-way radio features X-Tra Talk power, the maximum allowed by law, with Xtreme Range technology. Featuring Midland's signature NOAA Weather Scan + Alert technology, this radio automatically scans through 10 available weather (WX) band channels and locks onto the strongest weather channel to alert you of severe weather updates. This radio also boasts a JIS4 waterproof rating, hands-free communication, 22 channels plus 28 extra channels with preprogrammed privacy codes, eight GMRS repeater channels, 142 privacy codes, and silent operation. Along with two radios, this kit includes two rechargeable battery packs, AC/DC adapters, and a pair of boom mic headsets. Whether you are camping, hiking, or overlanding, make sure you are keeping in touch with friends and family with this two-way radio..This walkie-talkie is a powerful and consistent choice for your radio communication needs.Boasts 22 channels plus 28 extra channels with preprogrammed privacy codes and eight GMRS repeater channels with a range up to 36 miles.Rapid (4.5-hour) battery recharge provides a long battery life.Kit contains: pair of radios, two rechargeable battery packs, desktop charger, AC wall adapter, 6' USB Type-C charging cable, vehicle power adapter, pair of boom mic headsets, owner's manual.Offers flashlight, group call (channels 1-22), 10 call alerts, vibrate alert, silent operation, and SOS siren.Hands-free operation with eVox.Preassigned privacy codes for convenience.Features NOAA Weather Scan + Alert Technology.3-year manufacturer limited warranty.Safety Data Sheet.WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

When heading out on the water, a VHF radio is vital for communication and safety. With advanced safety features, easy menu navigation, and 24-hour access to emergency alerts and broadcasts, Cobra Marine® has you covered. Stay in contact wherever boating takes you with their MR HH 150 Floating VHF Handheld Marine Radio. This entry-level, handheld floating radio is anything but basic - it is both convenient and quality built. The large display, signal strength indicators, and maximum range give you unmatched reliability and peace of mind. Ideal for recreational boaters or as a backup on larger vessels, the 3-watt Cobra Marine® radio brings class-leading performance you'll appreciate. Anyone who lives, works or plays on the water needs this Cobra Marine® boat radio..High-performance handheld radio with marine-centric features.Buoyant - floats if falls overboard so you won't lose it.Fully submersible and waterproof (IPX7).Choice of low, medium, high output power with 0.5-watt, 1-watt, or 3-watt options for short or long communications.US, Canada, and international channels; includes the latest 4 digit channels.Instant access to 10 NOAA weather channels with weather alert.Instant access to channels 16 and 9 for emergencies.Illuminated LCD and keys.Signal strength meter.Key lock.Speaker/microphone jack.12-volt charge jack.Dimensions: 4.5 in. H x 2.7 in. W x 1.5 in. D; weight: 8 oz..Includes six 850-mAh AAA NiMH rechargeable batteries (also supports standard AAA batteries sold separately), 12-volt power cord, belt clip, wrist strap, and owner's manual.WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov

Stay informed and entertained even in the shower with the Sangean H205 AM/FM Weather Alert Waterproof Shower Radio. Designed for durability and convenience, this compact radio features a JIS7 waterproof rating, making it ideal for wet environments like bathrooms, pools, and boats. With AM/FM digital tuning, 7 NOAA weather channels, and Public Alert certification, you’ll never miss critical weather updates or emergency alerts. The large, easy-to-read LCD display, built-in digital clock, and adjustable sleep timer enhance usability, while the included hanging strap and wall-mounting bracket offer flexible placement. Whether you're getting ready in the morning or relaxing outdoors, the H205 delivers reliable performance and peace of mind..Waterproof Design (JIS7 Rated): Safe for use in showers, bathrooms, pools, and marine environments..AM/FM Digital Tuner with 20 Presets: Easily access your favorite stations with 10 AM and 10 FM memory presets..7 NOAA Weather Channels + Alerts: Stay prepared with real-time weather updates and emergency alerts..Public Alert Certified: Meets national standards for emergency alert systems..Large Backlit LCD Display: Clear visibility of station info, time, and settings—even in low light..Built-In Clock & Sleep Timer: Convenient timekeeping and auto shutoff for energy savings..Hanging Strap & Wall Mount Included: Flexible installation options for any space..Dimensions: Approx. 6.57" (W) × 5.12" (H) × 2.05" (D).Weight: Approx. 1.2 lbs (without batteries).Stay Safe and Entertained Anywhere with the Sangean H205 Waterproof AM/FM Weather Alert Shower Radio

This Cobra marine 6 W floating VHF radio with orange core offers high visibility and is convenient to get back if dropped overboard. Provides complete access to all NOAA weather channels and alarm tones for weather emergencies. Allows long range communication by blocking background noise for clearer conversations. Features USA, Canada and international channels that allows operation on any of the three different channel maps established for these areas. Includes JIS7/IPX7 rated submersible, tri-watch, memory channels, memory scan and BURP to improve speaker performance..VHF radio provides complete access to all NOAA weather channels for convenience and safety.Operates at a power rating of 6 W.Features external speaker/microphone jack for easy connectivity.Comes in a convenient cobra battery pack.Dimensions: 4.75"H x 2.66"W x 2.09"L.Offers tri-watch, all scan, memory scan scanning modes and transmit power of 6, 3, 1 W with IPX7 waterproof rating.Powered by lithium ion battery and has battery life of up to 8 - 14 hours.Features floating design with orange core and all NOAA weather channels, noise-cancelling microphone, BURP feature for improved performance output.Comes with AC and DC adapters, drop-in charger and a belt clip.Weight: 0.59 lbs..Comes with a limited warranty of 1 year.The Cobra marine 6 W floating VHF radio in gray color provides access to hazards and weather information. Perfect for short and long range communication.